Pipe



Feb. 4, 1936. 2 c, A HM 2,029,424

PIPE

I Filed Sept. 16, 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 //VVE/V TOR PM /3. W

Feb.- 4, 1936. c. A. HILL 2,029,424

PIPE

Filed Sept. 16, 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG. 7;

V M A. 14%,

Patented Fe... '4, 1936 Charles A. Hill, Port PIPE Huron, Micln, assignor to Mueller Brass 00., Port Huron, Mich, a corporation of Michigan Application September 1c, 1933, Serial No. 689,740

1 Claim.

This invention relates to pipe. 7 g The principal object of the invention is to provide an economical and effective pipe of increased capacity, and reduced friction, for carrying liquids.

The invention accordingly comprises the elements and combinations of elements, and features of construction, which will be exemplified in the pipes hereinafter described and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the following claims. I

In the accompanying drawings, in which are illustrated several of various possible ways of manufacturing this invention,

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic side elevation showing one method of manufacturing the invention;

Fig.2 shows a modification wherein the part-s are arranged vertically;

Figs. 3 to 6 show related modifications of a second method of manufacturing the invention; and, Figs. 7 to 11 show, other related modifications of a-third method.

Similar reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings.

Ihavefound that some classes of pipe, such as copper and brass pipe and the like, having smooth interior surfaces produced by the usual manufacturingprocess of piercing, drawing, or extrusion, do not have as high a capacity for transmitting liquids as pipe which is lesssmooth on the inside. The explanation appears to be that very smooth pipe prevents the liquid from wetting the surface of the pipe, thus forming globules which in moving along the surface, effect increased friction; whereas if the surface is made rough to a certain degree, the fluid wets the surface and the globules therefore do not exist. Under the latter conditions, the capacity of a pipe for carrying liquids and the like is increased.

Apparently, the best roughening is accomplished by effecting a satin-like finish. Several ways of obtaining such finish or analogous finishes on a commercial scale, will now be described.

Referring now more particularly to Fig. 1, there is shown at numeral I, a length of pipe, the interior of which it is desired to roughen. In order to do this, the pipe I is'mounted on trunnion rollers 3 which permit of rotating the pipe. One end of the pipe is caused to extend into an opening I of a sand-receiving chamber 9 having an exhaust fan connection II. This chamber. 9 is of the type wherein air is exhausted without also drawing out the material which comes in with the air. In other words, the tank 9 comprises a separator, as

well as a sump for the material drawn out of the pipe I. It will be clear from the above that the chamber 9 carries reduced pressure.

At the base of the tank 9 is a sand-receiving connection I3 andan outlet line I5, the end of which is attached to a flexible hose I'I. Air is brought to the apparatus through a hose I9. An air-sand mixing nozzle 2| having a relatively long reach 23, permitting of feeding the nozzle 2| through the pipe I, is mounted upon rollers 25. 10 Sand is placed in the vessel 9 and air turned into the pipe I9. The nozzle 2| is of the known type wherein air draws sand over the lines I5, I! from the chamber 9 and projects the same out of said nozzle 2|. The projection is preferably localized in order to obtain a cutting velocity of sand.

The sand blast nozzle 2| is reciprocated while the pipe I is turned and the sand blast thus effects roughening of the interior of pipe I and after so doing, is projected into the tank 9. The 0 reduced pressure in the tank 9 caused by the suction connection II causes the sand to be drawn through the pipe I. It will be noted that not only is the direct blast action of the nozzle 2| taken advantage of, but the sweeping action of the particles in passing through the pipe, tend to effect a roughened surface on the interior. When the operation is completed, the pipe 23 is withdrawn from the pipe I after turning off the blast, and the pipe I is removed from the trunnion wheels 3. The apparatus is then ready for the sand blasting of the next unit. It will be understood that other abrasives besides sand may be used.

In Fig. 2 is shown a modification of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1, wherein the container 9 is arranged vertically and the gravity sand pipe I5 connected to an elevator 21 which delivers the used sand to an auxiliary elevated container 29. From the container 29 the sand is drawn over a pipe 3| by air which is brought in through the line I9. The pipe I is held within a chuck 30 which is driven by a'belt or the like 3| from a power source 33. The nozzle 2| and associated part 23 are held on a suspension device 35, by means of the lowering and elevating of which, the nozzle may be lowered or elevated through the pipe I while the latter is rotating. The apparatus shown in Fig. 2 is desirable where more headroom than fioorroom is available.

Figs. 3 to 6 show various ways in which another form of the apparatus is carried out. Re-

,ferring to Fig. 3, the pipe I to be roughened is 'on a trolley 49 which rides on a track 5i. To

operate this formof the apparatus, the pipe I is positioned and the head 31 is entered therein with the cutters 4 I. The motor'4'l is then turned on and the-cutters 4I- advance as they rotate centrifugally against the inner surfaces of the pipe. The advance is made by moving the motor 41 on its trolley. It is clear that relative motion between the pipe I and head 31 may .also be efiected by moving the pipe and/or the head.

In Fig. 4 is shown the same type of head 31 and, arm 39 and cutters 4| but these are driven by a turbine 42 which may of of the air, steam. or water driven type.

I The energizing fluid is brought in through a line 44 which, in this instance, may be rigid inasmuch as the pipe I 'is' moved over the turbine, the pipe I being slidably mounted on guide supports 41.

In Fig. 5 is shown a method wherein a rotat ing brush 48 is sent through the pipe, or the pipe I satin-like.

sent over the brush, and a supply of abrasive 50 placed in the pipe while the brush passes therethrough. The brush 48 is preferably of wire or the like which will resist wear. This form is particularly adaptable to small pipe.

In Fig. 6 is shown a method wherein a grinding wheel 53 is used on the interior surface of the pipe I whilesaid pipe I is mountedon trunnion wheels 3 and rotated. The grinding wheel is advanced back and forth to the pipe, or the pipe may move with respect to the wheel as the wheel rotates.

In Figs. 7 and 8 is shown a tumbling method of accomplishing the result. An arbor borne on bearings 51 carries head pieces 59. A plurality ofpairs of set screws 6| are used in the head pieces to hold caps53 on the pipes I which are to be roughened. The pipes centrally rest in cradles 66 (see Fig.8) and are held by said caps 63 and set screws 6|, after the pipes have been loaded with abrasive material 50. Thereafter, the arbor 55 is rotated by suitable means connected to the end 68, whereupon thetumbling of the material within the pipes causes a refinishing of the inside surface so that it becomes rough or After a suitable period of this treatment, the pipes are demounted and are ready for use.

In Figs. 9 to 11 is shown another form of the apparatus wherein the pipe is etched by acid or the like. In this form of the apparatus, pairs of collars 61 are temporarily clamped on and near opposite ends of the pipe I. These collarsare providedwith studs 69 havingwing nuts II. The studs 69 pass through openings 10 inclrcular dams I3 which have recesses I5 for ing the ends of the pipe. to preventleaking between the ends of the pipe and the bottoms of said recesses 15. The dams are provided with central openings II. The collars 61 ride upon trunnion wheels 8| which in turn are rotatably mounted on shafts 43 home in bearings 85.

nitric acid or the like is placed in the pipe after one or both dams are in position. I The amoimt of this fluid is not enough to cause the same to flow out of the opening I! when the pipe is horizontal. The pipe then rotated on the trunnion wheels 8|, thus causing the acid to be distubutedove the entire inner surface of the pipe and to cause the etching action. After the operation is completed 'the acid is poured from one or the other of openings I8 and the process repeated onthe next pipe. tion for the openings '19 is not only to permit ingress and egress of the acid, but also to prevent an increase in pressure. due to the chemical action between the acid and the'material of the pipe.

Gaskets 'II areused The func-' In view of the above, it will'be seen that the throughout the entire inner'surface thereof. for i retaining a film ofliquid on the interior surface of said pipe, thereby reducing the coemcient of friction between the wall of the pipe and the mass of moving liquid.

CHARLIE A. BILL; 

